Animal Nutrition · FF-008

U.S. Feed Grains & Livestock Demand

Explore the scale of U.S. feed-grain demand, the livestock populations behind it, and the corn balance-sheet measures that matter to feed economics.

Feed outlook 2025/26Cattle inventory Jan. 1, 2026Source USDA ERS / NASSUpdate cadence Monthly / quarterly
Feed & residual use6.1B bucorn · 2025/26 projection
4-grain feed use159.2M mtcorn, sorghum, barley & oats
U.S. cattle & calves86.2Mhead · Jan. 1, 2026
Corn farm price$4.10/bu2025/26 season-average projection

Interactive comparison

Corn feed & residual use

Switch between feed use, corn utilization, cattle inventory, and the grain-consuming animal-unit index.

What the data shows

Corn dominates the U.S. feed-grain system

Corn share of 4-grain feed use>97%2025/26 USDA projection
Feed share of domestic corn use~40%typical share reported by USDA ERS
2025 calf crop32.9Mhead · 2% below prior year
Grain-consuming animal units100.82025/26 projected index

Feed demand is a derived demand: livestock and poultry numbers, ration choices, grain supply, competing ingredients, and prices all influence how much grain is fed.

Corn balance sheet

Feed competes with ethanol, exports, and other uses

Measure2025/26 projectionWhy it matters to feed users
Feed & residual corn6.1 billion buDirect measure of the largest feed-grain demand channel.
Ethanol corn use5.6 billion buCompetes for corn supply and also creates distillers grains coproducts.
Ending stocks2.127 billion buInventory cushion that influences price risk and ration economics.
Stocks-to-use~13%Common balance-sheet indicator of supply tightness.
Season-average farm price$4.10/buKey benchmark for feed-cost and ingredient-value calculations.

Livestock demand

The animals behind feed demand

All cattle & calves86.2MJan. 1, 2026
2025 calf crop32.9M2% below prior year
GCAU 2024/2599.9revised forecast
GCAU 2025/26100.8projected; gains led by hogs, layers & broilers

Feed-grain system

USDA tracks more than corn

The USDA Economic Research Service Feed Grains Database covers corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, hay, animal-unit indexes, prices, feed-price ratios, concentrates, oilseed meals, and other animal and grain-protein feeds. Series are published monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on the measure.

Methodology & source

About these figures

This page combines complementary USDA programs without treating unlike measures as one continuous series. Feed-grain balance-sheet measures and the grain-consuming animal-unit index come from USDA Economic Research Service Feed Outlook and Feed Grains Database products. Cattle and calf inventory measures come from USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service surveys.

Primary sources: USDA ERS Feed Grains Database · Feed Outlook: February 2026 · USDA NASS.

CalculateMeasure refresh: Aug. 22, 2026 · Review cadence: Monthly for Feed Outlook/feed-grain tables; quarterly or release-driven for livestock inventories. Forecasts are labeled as projections and should be refreshed when USDA revises them.